The term “waterfall” was first introduced by Dr. Winston W. Royce in a paper published in 1970.
Waterfall model follows a linear, sequential approach and is popular in product development.
It is divided into different phases and has precisely defined goals at each stage.
Since the phases fall from edge to cliff in one direction like waterfall, it is named as the waterfall model.
The development of one phase starts only when the previous phase is completed & reviewed. The output of one phase is used as the input of the next phase.
However, changes are too costly and time-consuming, so this model provides a rigid structure to ensure efficiency.
Phases:
- Requirement
- Analysis
- Design
- Coding
- Testing
- Deployment
- Maintenance
Advantages:
- Works towards common goals
- Defined milestones and deadlines
- Facilitates departmental and managerial control
- Enables structured and disciplined organizations
- Easy to understand and use
Limitations:
- Difficult to make revisions in design
- Low-flexibility level
- Need for regular monitoring
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